Market Structure of Professional Sports Essay - 1982 Words

Research Paper: Market Structure Professional Sports ABSTRACT Economic theory introduces us to four different types of markets: perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. Professional sports teams operate in an environment that is different than the typical business structure. The goal of this paper is to look at this industry, in particular the NFL, in an economics context and gain an understanding of the market structure of this unique industry. To do this I will discuss a brief history of the National Football League in the U.S. and how this organization is structured. I will also discuss typical market structures and type of†¦show more content†¦Today, the National Football League (NFL) is the largest professional American football league, consisting of thirty-two teams from major American cities and regions. The league was formed in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association, and adopted the name National Football League in 1922. The NFL is one of the major professional sports leagues of North America. Organizational Structure Professional sports league such as the NFL are unique organizations. These sports leagues are organized and operate under an organizational structure that is unique to this industry. By their very nature, sports leagues are cartels that exclude competition from other companies. You cannot start a baseball team and hope to play the Yankees unless you can get Major League Baseball (the cartel) to grant you a franchise. The antitrust laws prohibit cartels, but professional sports are the only private business in the United States that is largely exempt from those laws. Ever since a 1922 court decision (Federal Baseball Club of Baltimore v. National League et al.), baseball has been totally exempt. No other sport enjoys such a blanket exemption from antitrust, but all professional team sports have a labor exemption and, since theShow MoreRelated Competition Vs. Monopoly Essay940 Words   |  4 Pagescompetition. Include the concepts of elasticity, utility, costs , and market structure to explain the prices charged by fast food retailers. Firms within the fast food industry fall under the market structure of perfect competition. Market structure is a classification system for the key traits of a market. The characteristics of perfect competition include: large number of buyers and sellers, easy entry to and exit from the market, homogeneous products, and the firm is the price taker. Many fastRead MoreCompetition vs. Monopoly952 Words   |  4 Pagescompetition. Include the concepts of elasticity, utility, costs, and market structure to explain the prices charged by fast food retailers. Firms within the fast food industry fall under the market structure of perfect competition. Market structure is a classification system for the key traits of a market. 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The Hitchhikers Guild Of The Galaxy - 2606 Words

The Hitchhikers Guild to The Galaxy follows Arthur Dent, an earthling, paired with his alien friend Ford Prefect. The two manages to escape the earth before it is demolished to build an intergalactic freeway and set upon their journey. Hitching a ride on a Vogon spaceship the two start their adventure. Unfortunately, the Vogons don t like hitchhikers, so Arthur and Ford get thrown out of the spaceship to die in the cold void of interstellar space, where not even Starbucks exists. Meanwhile, Ford s semi-cousin Zaphod Beeblebrox and his human companion Trillian steal the Heart of Gold spaceship, which has an amazing engine that can do all sorts of improbable things, such as get through LA without dealing with traffic. Also on the spaceship†¦show more content†¦Where both films suggest that the Hero’s act upon their own freewill; true freewill does not exist but is a synthesis constructed by the ego of their companion character. This creates justifications for any crime or action taken by the Hero characters as they act in â€Å"the name of justice† and believe they are acting freely. Both the Hitchhikers Guild to The Galaxy and The Matrix has Myth Criticism complexes in nature. They follow a hero that must fulfill a quest to discover himself and woo a female interest. In either case the universality of their stories are evident as they are conflicted by the same dilemmas. Carl Jung suggests that regardless of culture or historical period a part of the human mind contains a collective unconscious shared by all members of the human species, a sort of universal, primal memory. Myth Criticism considers this within its teachings by explaining that all stories follow a universal trend called the Hero Cycle. Within this cycle the hero of the story follows each of the steps to fulfilling his/her task. Along with the Hero Cycle, Myth Criticism explains there are archetypes found in each piece of literature or art that are universal in nature. Overall, it is found that the Myth Criticism base is used frequently as we as humans find solace in the comforts of the Cycle, as it is familiar to us. In The Hitchhikers Guild to The Galaxy, the Hero is portrayed as Arthur Dent. He is set into this role at the

Egg Shell Lab Free Essays

Michelle Fishman Period 11 TCA #3 TITLE: Egg Shell Lab OBJECTIVE: To determine and compare the amount of calcium carbonate content of brown and white eggshells. MATERIALS: white and brown eggshells, water, deionized water, beaker, pipet, flask, test tube brush, funnel, hotplate, mortar, pestle, ethanol, HCl, phenolphthalein indicator, sodium hydroxide PROCEDURE: (Complete for both white and brown eggshells) 1. Get one egg and beaker and bring it to your lab station. We will write a custom essay sample on Egg Shell Lab or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Break the egg into a beaker. 3. Add water to the egg and stir before you pour it down the drain. 4. Wash the shell with deionized water and peel off the membranes from the inside of the shell. Dry your eggshell and put into a labeled beaker. 5. Wash your hands. 6. Dry the shell for about 10 minutes in the oven. 7. Grind the shell to a fine powder with a mortar and pestle. 8. Weigh between 0. 450 and 0. 550 grams of dried shell into each of the 3 labeled 250mL flasks. 9. Make sure to record the exact mass of the shell in each flask. 10. Add a few drops of ethanol to each flask. 1. Pour 40 mL of 1. 0M HCl into a beaker. 12. Put 10. 0 mL of the 1. 0M HCl to each 250mL flask containing the eggshells. Whirl the flasks to make sure all of the solids get wet. Be sure to spill any extra HCl into the sink with water. 13. On a hotplate, heat the solutions in the 250 mL flasks until they boil and then wait for them to cool. Be careful not to let them boil dry. Rinse flask with water. 14. Carefully, add 3-4 drops of phenolphth alein indicator to each flask. 15. Using a funnel, fill a buret partly with 0. 00 M sodium hydroxide, to rinse it. Empty the buret into the sink. Then, pour NaOH solution into the buret just above the top mark. Spill out some excess solution to remove all of the bubbles from the top. If there is not enough solution, refill some more into the buret. Read and record the initial volume to  ± 0. 01 mL. 16. Add one sample to the first pink color. The color will fade once you are close to the endpoint. Add the excess NaOH little by little with a dropper pipet until the color is constant for at least 30 sec. Read and record the final volume to  ±0. 01 mL. Once the volume is added, it is the difference between the initial and final readings (to  ± 0. 01 mL) 17. Repeat for the other samples. 18. Calculate the average value and the percent calcium carbonate in each sample. 19. Wash the egg residue out of the flask. CONCLUSION QUESTIONS 1)The amount of eggshell a student uses changes the outcome of the lab. It does matter because calcium may be unevenly distributed throughout the shell and there may be different concentrations around the eggshell. If the student doesn’t add a certain amount of eggshells, the experiment will not have the correct outcome. 2)A student would be sure they added a sufficient amount of acid to completely react with all of the calcium carbonate by making the proper measurements. If there is not enough chemical activity like fizzing for example, the student can adjust the amount by adding more acid to make a greater reaction. 3)If the student failed to add sufficient HCl, it would affect their data in many ways. Insufficient amounts oh HCl would not produce a complete reaction. The uneven amount would cause the reaction with CaCO3 to be unequal, so all the results would be directly affected. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1) â€Å"CHEM 1102. † Eggshell Experiment. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Mar. 2013. 2) â€Å"CHEM-212 Eggshell Lab. † CHEM-212 Eggshell Lab. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Mar. 2013. 3) â€Å"Stoichiometry. † Chem4Kids. com: Reactions:. Andrew Rader Studios, 1997-2012. Web. 19 Mar. 2013. 4) â€Å"To Determine the Percentage by Mass of Calcium Carbonate in Eggshells† How to cite Egg Shell Lab, Essay examples

Rationale For Giving Mary Tetanus Booster â€Myassignmentbhelp.Com

Question: What Is The Organism That Causes Tetanus And Why Is It Of Concern In This Situation? Answer: Introducation Clostridium tetani, a bacterium that can contaminate wounds presented to soil or earth is an endospore-framing, bar molded bacterium that can cause lockjaw. For Mary's situation she had got an open injury when working in her garden and this could have presented her injury to the dirt and furthermore to the bacterium C. tetani. Lockjaw is caused because of two poisons discharged by the bacterium, tetanospasmin and tetanolysin, both of which are neurotoxins. There is however the According to the guidelines in the The Australian Immunisation Handbook (Dept. of health, 2017) on administering a tetanus booster, discuss the rationale for giving Mary the tetanus booster The method of reasoning for giving Mary a lockjaw promoter is that she is 50 years old and all Australians over this age are suggested for a lockjaw toxoid supporter, especially on the off chance that they have not gotten one amid the past 10 years. Furthermore, there have been situations where a sponsor has not shielded individuals with minor injuries from getting lockjaw, so a supporter not long after the damage is typically given. Likewise, her presentation to cultivate soil puts Mary at a danger of Clostridium tetani marketing. Physiological basis of the three wound observations For each of the three wound observations indicate, and provide a rationale, as to whether it is a sign or a symptom.The minute the injury takes place, the intense provocative reaction swings without hesitation. The arrival of a few biochemicals at the injury site attempt to achieve homeostasis and control the section of pathogens that could cause a disease. Discuss the physiological basis of the first observation. The edges of the injury are hot to touch and red because of an arrangement of intense incendiary reaction that is activated in case of damage. The chemicals that reason aggravation and are discharged at the damage site are the supplement framework segments, histamines, prostaglandins and a few kinins. The consolidated impact of these mixes and a few cytokinins expands the blood stream to the site so the edges seem, by all accounts, to be red in shading. Nitric oxide assumes a part in vasodilation, so the vessels close to the cut are enlarged for expanded blood stream. The prostaglandins, E1 amd E2 increment the vascular permeablity with the goal that neutrophils can extravasate from the vessels into the encompassing tissue and they likewise unwind the smooth muscles ofthe veins. An expansion in the temperature at the damage site makes the cells metbolize at a speedier rate, so the edges seem, by all accounts, to be hot (Craft, 2015). Discuss the physiological basis of the second observation. The encompassing tissue is swollen on account of the spillage of liquid from the vessels. This prompts the development of exudate. The spaces between tissues are loaded with the protein-rich liquid and this causes swelling of the tissue. It is likewise alluded to as edema. Regularly the swollen tissue is difficult and limits movement in the influenced range, along these lines driving the patient to rest. This enables the procedure of repair to happen quicker (Marieb and Hoehn, 2014). Discuss the physiological basis of the third observation. A purulent and musty release is seen from the injury and by then Mary is likewise febrile. A release of this nature is an unmistakable sign of a disease and that is the reason the human services staff sent an injury swab for culture testing and ID of the pathogen and its anti-infection affectability (Bowler, Duerden, and Armstrong, 2001). Following a contamination, the resistant framework reacts by expanding the volume of exudate and there is an expansion in the swelling and agony. An oral anti-infection can be given to the patient keeping in mind the end goal to treat disease by a pathogen (Craft, 2015). Development and benefits of fever Mary developed fever as an outcome of the provocative reaction to the contamination of her injury. Arrival of exogenous pyrogens as endotoxins discharged by the pathogenic living being can invigorate the arrival of endogenous pyrogens or cytokines, for example, tumor putrefaction factor-, interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and interferons. Prostaglandin E2 and endothelin I alongside corticotrophin-discharging factor are discharged in light of the pyrogens. These follow up on the preoptic region, a locale of the foremost hypothalamus and trigger a febrile reaction. The temperature adjust point is then raised to a more elevated amount than it regularly is. Warmth creation in the body takes after joined by protection of the warmth and the body temperature starts to rise, bringing about fever (Craft, 2015). Discuss two ways in which fever is beneficial. Fever is beneficial in light of the fact that it can stop the increase of the pathogenic microorganisms. Fever exhausts three minerals, copper, iron and zinc that are key for bacterial replication and lessens the rate at which bacterial pathogens economics. Phagocytosis additionally happens at a quicker rate and the disposal of pathogens happens significantly speedier (Marieb and Hoehn, 2014). Possible sources of contamination and modes of transmission Endogenous wellsprings of tainting with Staphylococcus aureus is the skin and the mucosal surfaces. The living being is a commensal and lives on these surfaces without making any damage the human body. Be that as it may, in the internal spans of an injury, the earth is great for it to duplicate and offers more dampness, an ideal temperature and sufficient sustenance. In any case, once it enters the injury, it winds up noticeably pathogenic and defers the tissue repair and causes fever. The Stapylococci can be exchanged to the injury site through the patient's hand that have been sullied because of nasal mucosa or the oropharyngeal mucosa (Lee, 2016). Name one exogenous source of contamination and discuss the mode of transmission from the source to the new host. At the point when exchange of a life form to the patient happens through contact with different surfaces or people, the source is said to be exogenous. An exogenous wellspring of the Staphylococus aureus could be sullying of hands of medicinal services staff. Since S. aureus tainting from soil is very improbable, exogenous contact through hands of individuals around Mary could be a probable source. Sullying through articles that been touched by other individuals is another plausibility. Appropriateness of Augmentin as the antibacterial agent prescribed to Mary Mary's injury swab report affirmed that she experienced a S. aureus disease on the injury. The report additionally expressed that the way of life was delicate to Amoxycillin. However, a few strains of Staphylococcus are known to be impervious to beta lactam anti-toxins and Augmentin is an anti-infection that is viable against anti-microbial safe S Aureus.So it is a proper decision of an anti-microbial to treat her condition (Bullock and Manias, 2017). Staphylococcus aureus is regularly impervious to the anti-microbial Amoxycillin which is a penicillin subordinate. Amoxycillin can hinder bacterial development in light of the fact that the beta lactam ring in its structure represses the arrangement of the peptidoglycan cell divider in microbes. However, the wrong utilization of anti-toxins has prompted the improvement of anti-microbial resistance in microscopic organisms. S. aureus can deliver the catalyst beta lactamase which renders the beta lactam anti-microbials unequipped for blocking cell divider arrangement. Augmentin is a blend of amoxycillin and clavulenic corrosive. Clavulenic corrosive is a beta lactamase inhibitor and in this manner in its essence amoxycillin can keep on inhibitting the augmentation of S. aureus and cure the contamination (Bullock and Manias, 2017). Presentation Referencing in-text and in reference list conforms to APA 6th Ed. referencing style. Critique supported by relevant literature as prescribed. Correct sentence structure, paragraph, grammatical construction, spelling, punctuation and presentation. References Bowler, P. G., Duerden, B. I., Armstrong, D. G. (2001). Wound Microbiology and Associated Approaches to Wound Management . Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 14(2), 244269. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.14.2.244-269.2001. Bullock, S., Manias, E. (2017). Fundamentals of pharmacology (8th ed.). Frenchs Forest, Australia: Pearson Australia. Craft, J. . (2015). Understanding pathophysiology (2nd Australian and New Zealand ed.). . Chatswood, Australia: Elsevier. Demidova-Rice, T. N., Hamblin, M. R., Herman, I. M. (2012). Acute and Impaired Wound Healing: Pathophysiology and Current Methods for Drug Delivery, Part 1: Normal and Chronic Wounds: business, Causes, and Approaches to Care. Advances in Skin Wound Car. Immunise.health.gov.au. (2017, August 1). /Aus-Imm-Handbook.pdf. Retrieved from https://immunise.health.gov.au: https://immunise.health.gov.au/internet/immunise/publishing.nsf/Content/7B28E87511E08905CA257D4D001DB1F8/$File/Aus-Imm-Handbook.pdf Lee, G. . (2016). Microbiology and infection control for health professionals (6th ed.). . Melbourne, Victoria : Pearson Australia. Marieb, E., Hoehn, K. (2014). Human Anatomy psychology, Global Edition. Pearson Education Limited.